Pituitary Disorders affect the master regulatory gland simultaneously controlling thyroid, adrenal, gonadal, and growth hormone axes. Anterior pituitary adenomas may secrete excess GH (acromegaly), prolactin (galactorrhea/amenorrhea), or ACTH (secondary Cushing disease). Mass effect on the optic chiasm produces bitemporal hemianopia — the nurse screens for this visual field defect in any headache + pituitary vignette. Posterior pituitary dysfunction disrupts ADH release. ADH deficiency = central diabetes insipidus (massive dilute polyuria, hypernatremia). Excess ADH = SIADH (concentrated urine, dilutional hyponatremia). Boards test: pituitary mass symptoms (bitemporal hemianopia, hormone-axis suppression); post-transsphenoidal surgery nursing priorities (hourly urine output for DI, sodium monitoring for SIADH, vision assessment); and multi-axis hormone replacement when panhypopituitarism is present.