Pathophysiology
Clinical meaning
CKD staging by eGFR (CKD-EPI): G1 (>=90 with albuminuria), G2 (60-89), G3a (45-59), G3b (30-44), G4 (15-29), G5 (<15). Albuminuria staging: A1 (<30), A2 (30-300), A3 (>300 mg/g). Progressive nephron loss activates RAAS increasing intraglomerular pressure. SGLT2 inhibitors reduce hyperfiltration via tubuloglomerular feedback. Complications: anemia (decreased EPO), CKD-MBD (secondary hyperparathyroidism), metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia.