Pathophysiology
Clinical meaning
Thyroid disorders involve HPT axis dysregulation. Hashimoto (anti-TPO antibodies) causes hypothyroidism through lymphocytic infiltration and follicular destruction. Graves (TSI/TRAb) causes hyperthyroidism via TSH receptor stimulation. TSH is the best screening test. Levothyroxine 1.6 mcg/kg/day for hypothyroidism; check TSH at 6-8 weeks after dose changes. Toxic multinodular goiter develops from autonomous nodules producing excess thyroid hormone independently of TSH.
