Febrile seizures result from the interaction between an immature central nervous system and rapid temperature elevation. The pediatric brain has a lower seizure threshold due to incomplete myelination, higher neuronal density, and greater excitatory-to-inhibitory neurotransmitter ratios. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) released during febrile illness further lower the seizure threshold by enhancing glutamate activity and reducing GABA-mediated inhibition. The nurse performs comprehensive neurological assessment, differentiates simple from complex febrile seizures, implements seizure protocols, manages antipyretic therapy, coordinates diagnostic workup, and provides evidence-based parent education.