Bowel Obstruction

Bowel obstruction is a partial or complete interruption of intestinal flow. It results from a mechanical blockage—within the lumen, in the bowel wall, or outside the bowel—or from failed propulsion such as ileus. Gas, fluid, and secretions accumulate above the problem; vomiting and third spacing deplete circulating volume. Rising intraluminal pressure can impair perfusion. Obstruction can deteriorate into shock, sepsis, bowel necrosis, or perforation. The bedside question is whether the patient is stable for ordered decompression and resuscitation or showing a surgical emergency.