Pathophysiology
Clinical meaning
Febrile seizures occur in children aged 6 months to 5 years when a rapid rise in body temperature lowers the seizure threshold in the immature central nervous system. The developing brain has increased neuronal excitability and incomplete myelination, making it vulnerable to temperature-induced depolarization cascades. Simple febrile seizures are generalized, last less than 15 minutes, and do not recur within 24 hours. Complex febrile seizures are focal, prolonged (>15 minutes), or recur within 24 hours. The nurse monitors vital signs, ensures seizure safety, times seizure duration, administers antipyretics as ordered, and reports all findings to the RN.