Pathophysiology
Clinical meaning
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious condition in premature newborns where part of the intestinal wall becomes damaged and begins to die (necrosis). The immature gut lining in preterm infants is fragile and vulnerable to injury. When the bowel wall is damaged, bacteria can invade the tissue, causing inflammation, infection, and potentially perforation (a hole in the intestine). NEC is most common in very low birth weight infants and is the most common gastrointestinal emergency in the NICU. Formula-fed preterm infants are at significantly higher risk than those receiving breast milk. The nursing role focuses on early recognition of warning signs, accurate documentation, and prompt reporting to the nurse or provider.