Pathophysiology
Clinical meaning
SLE features loss of tolerance to nuclear antigens with anti-dsDNA and anti-Smith antibodies. Immune complex deposition activates complement (C3, C4 consumption). ACR/EULAR 2019 criteria use ANA as entry criterion. Hydroxychloroquine is cornerstone therapy reducing flares and thrombotic risk. Connect Sleep Disorders to bedside cues you will reassess first: vitals trends, work of breathing, perfusion, mentation, and pain or ischemic equivalents when relevant. Boards reward recognizing when subtle instability outweighs reassurance, then selecting nursing actions that protect airway, circulation, and neurologic status before routine tasks.