The Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care (CTFPHC) issues Canadian screening guidelines — NOT the USPSTF. The CNPLE tests CTFPHC recommendations. When CNPLE asks about screening age or interval, apply Canadian (CTFPHC) guidelines, not USPSTF. Framework for prevention: - Primary prevention: preventing disease before it occurs (immunization, lifestyle, chemoprophylaxis) - Secondary prevention: early detection in asymptomatic individuals (screening) - Tertiary prevention: reducing morbidity in established disease (disease management) - Quaternary prevention: preventing over-medicalization and unnecessary intervention The NP's role includes opportunistic screening at every encounter, population-based health promotion, anticipatory guidance, and advocacy for health equity addressing social determinants of health. On the exam, writers often pair stable-sounding options with unstable data—notice the mismatch before you commit. If the stem names a license or role, reread that line; scope errors are classic trap answers even when the clinical topic is familiar. Run a 60-second scan: breathing work and oxygenation, perfusion and end organs, neuro baseline, likely infection sources, and devices that can fail quietly. When two answers feel partly right, pick the one that reduces imminent harm and matches orders...