Older adults are the largest and fastest-growing segment of the Canadian primary care patient population. The CNPLE extensively tests the NP's ability to apply a geriatric-specific framework that recognizes the unique physiological, pharmacological, and psychosocial aspects of aging. This lesson covers the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA), frailty identification, dementia versus delirium differentiation, polypharmacy management using the Beers Criteria, and advance care planning — all directly tested CNPLE competencies. Learning objectives: - Conduct a goal-directed Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) - Screen for and classify frailty using validated Canadian tools (FRAIL scale, Clinical Frailty Scale) - Differentiate delirium from dementia in clinical presentation and management - Apply Beers Criteria to identify and deprescribe potentially inappropriate medications in older adults - Discuss advance care planning and goals-of-care conversations using a structured approach - Recognize elder abuse and apply mandatory reporting obligations On the exam, writers often pair stable-sounding options with unstable data—notice the mismatch before you commit. If the stem names a license or role, reread that line; scope errors are classic trap answers even when the clinical topic is familiar. Run a...