Neonatal Vital Signs

A newborn’s vital signs reflect both immature physiology and the demands of transition from placental support to independent breathing and circulation. The same infant may have a different heart rate or respiratory rate while asleep, quietly awake, feeding, or crying. Begin by observing the infant before touching them. Colour, tone, alertness, respiratory effort, and the ability to settle help determine whether a number represents a brief response to stimulation or a developing problem. When the infant is stable, obtain the baseline while quiet; when the infant is distressed, do not delay assessment or escalation just to obtain a calmer reading. For an RPN, the clinical task is more than recording five numbers. Measure accurately, interpret the numbers together, compare them with previous findings, and act within provincial standards, employer policy, personal competence, and the Canadian ACoRN approach. A single abnormal value may be caused by crying or a measurement problem. A threshold breach, a concerning combination of findings, or a worsening trend changes the priority.