Osteoarthritis

Joint pain that increases with use, eases with rest, and is followed by only brief stiffness points toward osteoarthritis (OA), especially when examination shows crepitus, reduced motion, or bony enlargement without systemic illness. OA is not simply cartilage that has been worn away; cartilage, subchondral bone, synovium, ligaments, menisci, and surrounding muscle all contribute to symptoms and loss of function. For nursing assessment, the first decision is whether the presentation is typical and chronic or whether a new finding changes urgency. Most typical OA is diagnosed from the history and examination, so routine imaging is unnecessary. Care begins with education, therapeutic exercise, physical activity, and weight management when appropriate. Analgesic therapy, injections, and surgical referral are added according to the affected joint, functional impact, comorbidities, risks, preferences, and response.