Hepatitis B and C involves pathological changes at the cellular and tissue level that produce characteristic clinical manifestations. The underlying pathophysiology includes disruption of normal physiological processes, leading to altered cellular function, inflammatory responses, and potential tissue damage. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for the RPN/LVN to recognize early signs of deterioration, implement timely nursing interventions, and communicate findings effectively to the healthcare team. The condition may progress through predictable stages, each with distinct clinical features that guide assessment priorities and nursing care planning. Gastrointestinal conditions can cause significant fluid and electrolyte disturbances, nutritional compromise, and risk for peritonitis or sepsis. The RPN/LVN monitors bowel function, nutritional intake, abdominal assessment findings, and fluid balance. Recognition of acute abdominal changes such as rigid abdomen, rebound tenderness, or absent bowel sounds requires immediate escalation. Within the RPN/LVN scope of practice, nursing care for hepatitis b and c includes systematic assessment, implementation of established care protocols, accurate documentation, and timely communication with the interprofessional team. The practical nurse contributes to patient safety through ongoing monitoring, patient education reinforcement, and adherence to evidence-based practice...