An ostomy is a surgically created opening (stoma) connecting an internal organ to the abdominal surface, diverting the flow of urine or feces when normal elimination pathways are compromised or need to be bypassed. The three primary types are: colostomy (large intestine), ileostomy (small intestine/ileum), and urostomy/ileal conduit (urinary diversion). Stomas may be permanent (total proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis) or temporary (loop colostomy for diverticular perforation, awaiting bowel repair). Consequence if missed: Failure to assess stoma viability, pouching seal integrity, or output characteristics can lead to peristomal skin breakdown, stomal necrosis, dehydration from high-output ileostomy (>1,200 mL/day), urosepsis from urostomy obstruction, and life-threatening metabolic disturbances. Top 3 nursing priorities: 1. Assess stoma colour, size, and mucosa integrity every shift and after each pouch change — a dusky/purple/black stoma is a vascular emergency 2. Maintain an intact, well-fitted pouching system seal to prevent peristomal skin breakdown and leakage 3. Monitor output type, volume, and consistency — ileostomy output >1,200 mL/day indicates high-output state requiring fluid/electrolyte replacement Common NCLEX trap: Candidates mistake a dark pink/beefy red stoma for ischemia. A **healthy stoma...