Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a preventable, progressive airflow limitation caused by chronic bronchitis (productive cough ≥3 months/year for ≥2 consecutive years) and/or emphysema (permanent alveolar destruction). An acute exacerbation (AECOPD) is a sustained worsening of respiratory symptoms beyond normal day-to-day variation — typically triggered by respiratory infection — requiring a change in medication. AECOPD is the leading cause of COPD-related hospitalization and mortality. The oxygen administration question is the highest-yield NCLEX COPD concept: in hypercapnic COPD patients who rely on hypoxic drive, delivering high-flow O₂ can cause CO₂ retention (Haldane effect + ventilatory suppression) — controlled oxygen targeting SpO₂ 88–92% is the standard of care. Top 3 nursing priorities: 1. Controlled oxygen — titrate to SpO₂ 88–92% (NOT 95–100%); avoid O₂ toxicity and CO₂ narcosis 2. Bronchodilation — short-acting beta-2 agonist + anticholinergic combination via nebulizer 3. Ventilatory support decision — monitor ABG for rising PaCO₂ and pH; early NIV (BiPAP) prevents intubation Common NCLEX trap: Applying a non-rebreather mask or high-flow O₂ to a COPD patient in distress to 'improve oxygenation' — this suppresses hypoxic drive, causes...