Anticoagulant Bleeding and Reversal

A new focal neurological deficit, altered level of consciousness, severe headache, haemodynamic instability, bleeding into a closed space, or a falling haemoglobin with clinical deterioration is not a routine anticoagulant side effect. Treat it as a potential major bleed and escalate immediately. Anticoagulant reversal is a balance, not a reflex. Reversal removes protection against the thrombosis, stroke, or venous thromboembolism for which the drug was prescribed. It is indicated for life-threatening or uncontrolled bleeding, especially intracranial haemorrhage, or when an urgent procedure cannot safely wait. An isolated high drug level or a delayed elective procedure does not usually justify an antidote. The first bedside questions are: Which anticoagulant was taken? When was the last dose? What dose was taken? How is renal function? These answers determine whether drug effect is likely to persist and which reversal pathway fits. Obtain urgent laboratory samples and imaging, but do not postpone indicated reversal while waiting for the result.